Some of the topics will be covered in this unit are. Optics, in a simple manner, is used to describe the behaviour of visible light, infrared light, and the ultraviolet. The text is designed for upperlevel undergraduate students with a physics background. The incident ray, normal and reflected ray all lie in the same plane. Any refracting surface with spherical shape will have sa marginal ray paraxial ray mf pf m p. Since the light ray appears to be broken, the phenomenon is known as refraction. A plane wavefront dashed line approaches the interface. Ray optics and optical instruments important points. Ray optics module student guide university of toronto.
Pedrotti cord waco, texas in module, basic geometrical optics, we made use of light rays to demonstrate reflection and refraction of light and the imaging of light with mirrors and lenses. Optics holds a total weightage of 14 marks in the final examination. In figure 2, the gray line with the \2 above it is an example of this kind of ray. Ncert solutions for class 12 physics chapter 9 ray optics. We have already studied that the geometric centre of a spherical mirror is called its pole while. Marginal ray ray arriving at lens far from its optic axis. It focuses primarily on the wave and urse in the department of physics and astronomy at brigham young university. Suitable for gcseigcse physicsscience courses or their equivalent. Physics class notes ray optics and optical instruments instruments. The geometry of reflection of an incident ray is shown in fig. It is a medium through which light is propagated partially. It assumes that the student already has a basic background with complex numbers, vector. Topics are addressed froma physics perspective and include the propagation of light in matter, reflection and transmission at boundaries, polarization effects, dispersion, coherence, ray optics and. Optics is a branch of physics that deals with the determination of behaviour and the properties of light, along with its interactions with the matter and also with the instruments which are used to detect it.
Wave optics propagation, interference and diffraction of waves axel kuhn, oxford 2016 paul ewarts lecture notes and problem sets. New cartesian sign convention for spherical mirrors. The field of view is maximum for convex mirror because the image of an object formed by a convex mirror is always diminished. One of the most important units of ncert grade 12 physics. Ray optics and optical instruments class 12 notes pdf download. Dispersion, coherence, ray optics and imaging, diffraction, and the quantum. Prelab 12 ray optics phys 1110l conceptual physics lab i ntroduction when you hold your glasses far away from your face, what do you see. Newtons laws of motion allen physics particle kinematics allen physics practical physics allen physics rotational motion allen physics temperature scales allen physics wave theory allen physics work energy allen physics this website is created solely for jee aspirants to download pdf, ebooks, study materials for free. Let us call the first mediums index of refraction n i. The image a moves away from the lens with an uniform speed 5 ms.
Class 12 physics revision notes for chapter 9 ray optics and optical instruments free pdf download. This book provides an introduction to the field of optics from a physics perspective. Photometry is a branch measurement of light energy. Pdf download ray optics and current electricity notes. Archimedes and other ancient greek thinkers made original contributions but we mention here heron of alexandria c. The most important of these instruments, the widefield planetary camera, can take either widefield or highresolution images of the planets and of galactic and extragalactic objects.
Frankl your own mind is a sacred enclosure into which nothing harmful can enter except by your promotion. Something must be vibrating oscillating in order to create a wave. The angle of incidence is always equal to angle of reflection. Characteristics of light light waves are electromagnetic waves, whose nature is transverse. Each image is thus confined to small area and many objects can be viewed in the mirror. Free optics books download ebooks online textbooks tutorials. Newtonian physics includes both action at a distance e. The rapid development of xray optics also has been symbiotic with the development of detectors and compact sources. Bungy jumping is an increasingly popular sport, with a growing clientele of. That is, the normal is along the radius, the line joining the centre of curvature of the mirror to the point of incidence. If you think the materials are useful kindly buy these legally from publishers. List of interesting physics research project topics new 26082019. This curriculum was originally developed for a seniorlevel optics course in the department of physics and astronomy at brigham young university. Just look at the light in that thumbnail bending away from.
When an object is placed in front of a plane mirror the image is. Spherical lens numerical, microscope, telescope, ray diagrams, snells law, image formationmore. Physics 312 the distance between the focus f and the pole p of the mirror is called the focal length of the mirror, denoted by f. An interesting consequence of this is that a light ray will change direction when passing from one medium to another. Revision notes on ray optics and optical instruments. Relation between refractive indices according to snells law by snells law 4.
Waves must travel in a medium with one important exception. In this module, we shift the emphasis from light rays to light wavesfrom geometrical optics to physical optics. Let the candle c be placed u metre away from pole of the mirror. Dear students, having just a couple of days left for examination, we believe that your preparation must be at its peak. If two plane mirrors are inclined to each other at 90o, the emergent ray is anti parallel to incident ray, if it suffers one reflection from each. Optics2 the subject of geometrical optics is the study of the behavior of light when the phenomena can be explained by ray tracing, where shadows are sharp and interference and diffraction effects can be neglected. Now download handwritten notes of ray optics and current electricity. Optics types of lenses, uses and ray diagrams explained. Physics notes for class 12 chapter 10 wave optics wave optics describes the connection between waves and rays of light.
The light that reflects off images and passes through a lens before it arrives at your eye can be. Electromagnetic waves are the only type of wave that do not require a medium at all. Class 12 physics revision notes for chapter 9 ray optics. Give a quick but attentive glance to the important topics and formulae from the section optics. It is the subject which deals with the behavior of light and the corresponding optical events taking place when the size of structures with which the light interacts is too large as compared to the wavelength of the incident light wave. Marginal rays parallel to axis cross the axis at marginal focus mf. Optics optic is one of the branch of physics which deals with the light and properties of it. Ray optics and optical instruments 311 this case is to be taken as normal to the tangent to surface at the point of incidence. We now show that f r2, where r is the radius of curvature of the mirror. Workshop tutorials for biological and environmental physics wr1b. Ray optics and optical instruments class 12 notes pdf download laws of reflection. Ncert solutions for class 12 physics chapter 9 ray optics and optical instruments ncert solutions for class 12 physics chapter 9 are available as a pdf that can be downloaded for free to facilitate comprehensive exam preparation for the subject. When a light ray traveling from one medium to the other comes back to the same medium at the interface, then it is called reflection of light.
This website is created solely for jee aspirants to download pdf, ebooks, study materials for free. Deviation produced by a plane mirror and by two inclined plane mirrors. The basic laws for ray tracing are extremely simple. Detectors developed for particle physics, medicine. Optics the branch of physics consisting properties of light. Physics notes for class 12 chapter 9 ray optics and. A upright, magnified and real b upright, the same size and virtual c inverted, demagnified. Note the strengths of the reflected and refracted rays, if they exist, and the angle. Students using this book should be familiar with differentiation, integration, and standard trigonometric and algebraic manipulation. The speed of light in a medium depends upon the nature of medium. In this chapter students will first learn the original formulation of the huygens principle and derive the laws of reflection and. For much larger magnifications, one uses two lenses, one compounding the effect of the other. If the two mediums have the same index of refraction, the ray will continue straight without refracting.
When a ray of light passes from one medium into another, it refracts depending on the comparative indexes of refraction of the first and second mediums. Lecture notes optics pdf 57p this note covers the following. An introduction to xray physics, optics, and applications. Download pdf geometrical optics jee physics for you.
List of interesting physics research project topics physics is the branch of science concerned with the nature and properties of matter and energy. Download file pdf ray optics phet lab answer key geometric optics lab this short intro will show off the main steps to the geometric optics lab. It is a medium through which light can be propagated easily. According to wave theory of light, the light is a form of energy which travels through a medium in the form of transverse wave motion. Ncert solutions for class 12 physics chapter 10 wave. However, in this unit we will learn the particle characteristics of the light. Physics 1114 geometric optics lab intro video introduction to the geometric optics lab for physics 1114 at langara college. Physics notes for class 12 chapter 9 ray optics and optical instruments light light is a form of energy eyes. Important topics and formulae in ray optics and wave. Ray optics is one of the two core branches of optics the other being wave optics. If you look through a magnifying glass and move it away from your face, something odd happens as you look through the moving lens.
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